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Ahmad Shawqi Daif ((アラビア語:أحمد شوقي ضيف); January 13, 1910March 13, 2005) was an Arabic literary critic and historian. He is considered one of the most influential Arab intellectuals in the 20th century.〔(Professor Ahmad Shawqi Daif ) at the King Faisal International Prize website.〕 Daif was born in the village of Um Hamam in northern Egypt in 1910.〔 He earned his BA and PhD from Fuad al-Awal University,〔 which would later be known as Cairo University. He was later a professor of Arabic literature at his alma mater for several decades.〔 He was a member of the Egyptian Academy of Sciences and was president of the Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo for a few years.〔 ==Work== Daif studied Egyptian literary history under Ahmad Amin during the latter's 1939-1946 tenure. Amin stated his initial belief that Egyptians had not contributed to Arabic poetry during the Middle Ages the way other Arab populations had.〔A. M. H. Mazyad, ''Ahmad Amin'', (page 47 ). Leiden: Brill Archive, 1963.〕 Daif replied that the dearth of properly published Egyptian works from the period made such a judgement tenuous and suggested that he and Amin republish the Egyptian sections in anthologies of poetry from the period.〔A. M. H. Mazyad, ''Ahmad Amin'', pg. 48.〕 Amin redily agreed, and they embarked on the long term project during which Daif wrote the preface and Amin wrote the introduction.〔 Fellow scholar Ihsan Abbas assisted with editing the folios for republishing from 1951 to 1952.〔 Daif would later author more than fifty works in arts and literature. His study of the development of Arabic poetry during the Umayyad Caliphate is still considered to be the most important reference book on the topic.〔 His magnum opus was his 100-volume ''History of Arabic Literature'', a project that took thirty years to complete and was am overview of all poetry, literary criticism and rhetorical studies from Pre-Islamic Arabia up to the post-Abbasid era.〔〔Mursi Saad El-Din, (Plain Talk ). Al-Ahram Weekly On-Line, #770, 24–30 November 2005.〕 The work is considered indispensable for students of Arabic literature, and some volumes have been reprinted up to 20 times.〔 Daif caused minor shockwaves during the mid-20th century when he rediscovered the ancient linguistic tract of Ibn Maḍāʾ known as ''Refutation of the Grammarians''.〔Encyclopedia of Islam, vol. III, H-IRAM, pg. 856.〕 Daif agreed with the central theme of the ''Refutation'': linguistic governance and analogy had rendered Arabic language education needlessly difficult and convoluted, and both took the theme as a rallying point for his calls to modernize language arts education in the Middle East.〔("The Emergency of Modern Standard Arabic," ) by Kees Versteegh. Taken from ''The Arabic Language'' by permission of the Edinburgh University Press. 1997.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shawqi Daif」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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